Friday, April 23, 2010

Seville orange cocktails

Safari Cocktail



rating
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Pour cointreau and midori melon liqueur into a mixing glass and add orange juice. Stir rapidly, three to four times, and pour into a cocktail glass. Add grenadine one drop at a time. Garnish with tropical fruits, and serve.

Thursday, April 22, 2010

Seville Orange Marmalade

Marmalade can really be made with any citrus fruit or mix of them.It is easy to make though takes some time to complete the process. Many say that it is not worth it as its cheap to buy in supermarkets and one jar lasts a long time. This may all be so but to me misses the point of growing your own produce. The basic ingredients are organic and home grown (except of course the sugar - I haven't got around to growing that yet).  And so what if you make too many jars - give the extras to friends they generally are only too happy to have it?

This recipe that I have used for many years only uses Seville oranges - no lemons or cumquats added as they are in some recipes I've seen. Anyway for me cumquates taste more bitter than sour and lemons are not necessary with Seville oranges. I also use less sugar than normal this may mean it doesn't keep as long: but I sometimes add Scotch which is a preservative in itself.  To make it set the usual formula is to add the same amount of sugar as there is liquid. Thus if you have 5 cups of liquid you should add 5 cups of sugar. I find this far too much sugar and if t doesn't set I sometimes have to resort to jam setter. Anyway my marmalade doesn't last long and the reduced sugar content seems to intensify the taste. Also, I think the marmalade is much better and sets easier if the oranges are fresh. When  I take them straight from the tree and use them immediately the end result is better - I have no scientific evidence for this - it is just a personal observation.

Ingredients

I kg fresh Seville oranges (about 5 oranges)
about 500 grams sugar (I use raw caster sugar it dissolves faster) - you can add more sugar if you want a sweeter marmalade.
jam setter if necessary
water
a quantity of scotch
salt

1. peel the rind from the oranges and cut into fine strips - as thin or course as you like it
2. cut out the segments and discard the pith and white membranes but separate the seeds out, of which there are many, and wrap in cheesecloth or muslin or chux or some such cloth.
3. place the peel, any juice and flesh of the oranges in a glass,ceramic or stainless steel fire proof container just cover with water maybe up to 2 litres add a pinch of salt and the seeds in the cloth and simmer until the peel is soft.
4. leave the mixture in the pan overnight or longer maybe 24 hours
5. after leaving overnight or longer add the sugar to the orange mixture, take out the seeds and discard and boil vigorously for half an hour or longer.You may need to add more water if the mixture reduces too much.
6. boil until the jam starts to set - you will notice it gets more syrupy.  Place some of the syrup on a cold plate if it starts to stiffen its ready. If not setting do not boil for tool long you may have to add some jam setter - this is not really PC but I have to resort to it sometimes it depends on the fruit I think; sometimes it sets easier than others. Careful with the jam setter don't use too much or it will be too hard.
7. Have some sterilised jars ready not to large ( l heat them in the oven for about an hour they are OK)
8. Wait for the mixture to cool a little - add some scotch, single malt if you have it. I never measure how much but maybe a wine glass or two or more if you wish.
9. pour the jam into the jars seal with a plastic wrap (you can buy special seals for jam at the supermarkets) screw on the lid and its ready.

Sunday, April 18, 2010

The Seville Orange: Growing it and using it

The Fabulous Seville Orange 

The Seville Orange is often referred to as the Sour or Bitter Orange named after its bitter/sour taste. It is said to  originate in Northern India though like all oranges it probably was originally from China. It is quite commonly seen as a street tree in southern Spain especially (obviously) in Seville the capital of the southern Spanish province of Andalusia. It is also common as a street tree in Morocco and I have often noted that is is the tall orange tree most often grown in the courtyards or inner gardens of Moroccan Riads.

It is rare in Australia probably because it is seen (falsely I think) as of limited use and because it grows so large - they seem to grow twice the size of other oranges such as the navels and they are not a tree for the small garden - though as we will discuss later I have grown one in a pot for over a decade. Also the fruit seems not to travel so well so are only available for a short season, from the end of summer and into autumn. So if you want them you have to be fast off the mark to get them - that is if you can find who sells them.

It is said that the British made them famous in te west as they are the orange most commonly used for marmalade - a citrus type jam popular in the UK and here, but not so much in Europe. However, their uses are not limited to jam making they can be substituted for lemons in marinades and I have noticed them used as a marinade and a sauce for fish, in both Spain and in Morocco. The dried rind can be used in stews and hotpots and in Moroccan Tagines. I understand also the juice is great for cocktails. They are in general more bitter than lemons and limes but if you get them fresh and well ripened from the tree that are not so bitter, I eat them like an ordinary orange sometimes straight from the tree I like the sour taste, but leave out the pith that's sour.

Also they make a good combo with sweet navel orange juice for an 'adult' orange juice. They are also the orange traditionally used in France (and in Spain less frequently) for making the sour orange sauce with roast duck dish (called duck a l'orange - why isn't it canard a l'orange?). I think it is a travesty to use sweet oranges for the dish as it loses that bitter flavour that goes so well with rich meat dishes such as duck.

First up lets talk a little about their cultivation for home gardens in pots

Growing the Seville Orange in Pots

If planted in the ground Seville oranges will grow very large much larger than most other citrus. In days past in Australia you could see them growing sometimes with 'bush lemon' trees in chook pens. Like lemons they do not seem to mind heavy doses of fresh poultry manure. But they are quite a beautiful tree in their own right (the most beautiful of the citruses in my view) and when in blossom have a very potent scent especially at night. It is much stronger I think than that of other orange varieties. However, they are really too large for the average back yard so pots are the way to go. 

The first task is to order your Seville Orange from your local nursery - they are available but not that popular but it should be no problem for them to order one in. It is unlikely you will find one in any nursery just off the shelf so to speak. 

The next task is to buy your pot - it can be either ceramic, cement or plastic. In my view they are a good looking tree so go for ceramic but both ceramic and cement pots  need to be watered more often as they dry out much faster than plastic. If you don't want to water continuously in summer especially, plastic is fine and there are some quite attractive plastic pots around nowadays. Also if you look you can find pots in metal, fiberglass and stone. All are OK as long as you remember that all citrus like water and pots dry out fast whatever they are made of - and remember also rain does not saturate pots they still may need watering even after a heavy downpour.  My potted Seville is shown on the left, it is a very attractive blue glazed pot 66 cm (about 26 inches) inner diameter and 58 cm (23 inches) high and stands over 2 metres (6.6 feet). It has been in that pot since I bought it over 15 years ago considerably smaller than it is now. It is now April and it has small fruit on it that will grow up to grapefruit size though some, as shown, can ripen when they are much smaller. 


Seville's don't care too much about the cold, they can take frosts but they don't like wind so place the pot where it is sheltered from strong winds. When you put a small tree in a large pot you have to watch you don't over water or they will rot. So just make sure for the first season it is watered and not over watered  it will soon grow and grow quite fast. I have re-potted mine once and did it by myself. Now I'm a little older I would ask for assistance from a strong person. It actually came out of the pot quite easily as the roots had taken up all the space and it came out as a single root ball. I actually sort of treated it like a bonsai and cut the roots all round the root ball with a serrated knife and put it back into the pot with some new potting mix. Also like a bonsai I trimmed the branches. Actually it didn't look back and continues to grow fast - it will need the treatment soon again. 

Citrus are what we refer to as heavy feeders they do well with lots of fertilizer and  water. I like to grow mine organically and  with advice from my friend Kevin use blood and bone mixed with sulfate of potash - one third to two thirds of blood an bone. Sulfate of Potash is a naturally occurring substance so its PC organically and adds potassium which blood and bone lacks.Occasionally, I use Epsom salts for magnesium if the leaves go a little yellow and also some trace elements they seem to need that also very occasionally maybe only once per year.

I get more oranges than I can use even for marmalade but they never go to waste a number of friends eagerly take the left overs.


Soon I am going to post up some recipes that use Seville oranges but any contributions and advice are welcome.  So good growing
 




  

Home Grown Produce and Recipies

Grow your own produce

In my next few posts I am going to discuss growing plants for eating and hopefully offer a few recipes that use them. I am going  to speak about the plants I grow here in my garden in the Blue Mountains how I grow them and what I use them for.

I am going to begin with Citrus as most of them they grow well here. I have 4 varieties of Lemons (Lisbon, Eureka,  Meyer and a Spanish one I bought some years ago (I lost the label for the Spanish one but I think it is called Fino). I also have an Australian finger lime, Tahitian limes , Kaffir limes (basically the leaves are used in Thai cooking - but the fruit is great if you get them as a bonus) and only 1 Orange, a Seville Orange because it is the most difficult to find in stores and only available for a short season - basically now in Autumn and winter.

All of the citrus are growing in pots, of various sizes - I have a small garden and I grow in pots because I simply can't grow that many in the small space I have. But they grow well when looked after and supply me with almost all my citrus needs. In future posts I am going to give some details on how I grow them  all but I first of all want to speak about my favorite the Seville Orange and its uses.

Wednesday, April 14, 2010

The Blue Mountains Intro stuff

This is not a site that is going to deal with tourism per se but food - cooking and eating it. But I think those who like experimenting with different cuisines try to understand what culture and environment has produced that cuisine. So I ask myself what is that culture and what environment is it that has impacted on the food we eat here in the Blue Mountains. So please indulge me for a little while I try to answer my own question by giving a little Cook's tour of the place.

To start with this is formally known the City of the Blue Mountains, but it is really not a city in the normal sense, it is not one place with a single main street lined with shops and restaurants. It is in fact a string of 27 villages and small townships of varying sizes located, higgledy-piggledy along the Great Western Highway - a major artery from Sydney over the mountain ridges to the west. The Blue Mountains covers a distance from the foot of the Mountains in the east, about 60 kilometres from Sydney along the highway (which s also followed by the rail) to the west over 120 kilometres. So its quite a distance from one end to the other.  Also the further you go the higher and cooler you get, until at its highest you reach Katoomba and Blackheath both a little over 1000 metres above sea level. The 27 towns and villages are situated within a World Heritage national park of over 1 million hectares there are extensive rain forests, deep gorges, and breathtaking escarpments and canyons. And, to top it off rare and ancient flora and fora. I am not going to go on about this as there are many websites (some listed below) that will provide all the touristy information you need. But if you have only time to see just a few places then make the first Echo point in Katoomba, the second, Govetts Leap in Blackheath. Both have vast panoramic views that I think rival that of the Grand Canyon in the US.

I makes sense then that tourism is the single major source of income for the Blue Mountains area. It has always been a place of retreat for Sydney-siders who in times past came here for refuge from Sydney's sauna summers. Today the busy period is not summer (though the climate is fabulous in the summer) but winter. We Australians are a peculiar mob most of whom who do not know real winters, so in the 'mountains' we can experience  a close approximation to a northern hemisphere winter - though a mild one. But the place 'hots up' in winter, with winter festivals, folk concerts, food fairs, wine tastings and  a variety of other less traditional activities.

And so to food. Obviously there are many places to eat not just for the locals but for the vast influx of tourists - mainly in the cooler months. Just about every little village has at least a cafe and maybe a restaurant, though the larger townships Springwood, Wentworth Falls, Leura, Katoomba and Blackheath have many hotels, clubs, cafes and restaurants many of  the latter highly recommended by various food writers. But more on these in later posts.

What produce is local to the Blue Mountains? Actually not that much for many reasons. It is after all all in a nation park a work heritage area so there's is not much room for crops or farming. Also, even in the days where this was possible the soil was very inadequate for growing traditional food crops. It is sandy, shallow, lacks the necessary nutrients, and drains water like a sieve. However, there area few spots, like the Megalong Valley a large fertile valley not far below the township of Blackheath. It produces organic beef and other food produce sold in local butcher shops and markets. There are also 2 wineries in the area though major wine areas such as Mudgee, Bathurst, Orange and Cowra are at the most a few hours drive. One must not forget here the beautiful township of Mt. Wilson, west from the township of Mount Victoria, over the Gross valley and standing atop an extinct Volcano. Here the volcanic rich red soil gives nurture to massive tress that stand tall along side the delicate slim trunks of tree ferns and native shrub. The gardens here are world class and open to see when at their best.

Though very little food is produced here commercially it is possible with preparation to grow many food producing plants and trees. I do so in my garden. More of that later but just to say that many of the Mediterranean type crops can be grown if one knows how. Its actually not a Mediterranean climate at all it's too wet in the summer and the summers are not that hot but I have found citrus, Olives, Figs, apples, pears etc and all the cold climate fruits (even avocados) will grow well if you know how, but more advice on that in later posts.

My last comment in this intro is that I don't want to confine discussion to the Blue Mountains where I live I want to expand to other places in fact anywhere in the word for that matter I have a particular affinity for Morocco where I have spent  much time over the last 12 years. I have been almost everywhere in that country. I know fairly well by now, the people, the food, though there will always be more to know about that fascinating magical country. I plan to post many of my experiences of Morocco soon. 
 
For more Blue Mountains touristy stuff check out:
http://www.bluemts.com.au/tourist/Default.asp
http://www.bmcc.nsw.gov.au/
http://www.bluemountainsnswaustralia.com/